Chemistry Project and Experiment Ideas

The Establishment Of The Original Thirteen British Colonies

The establishment of the original thirteen British colonies was not the first time that foreigners had reached the present-day powerhouse of a country, which is the United States of America. One example of Europeans in North America before the colonists was the French fur traders had frequently traded with the Native Americans. However, when the settlers arrived in the swamp studded marshes of James’ Town, which was the first colony, they must had been upset, as they were primarily after valuable minerals: gold, silver, as Britain’s economic system, at the time, was mercantilism—in which the main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by regulating all of the nation’s commercial interests. Before the settlers arrived in the New World, French had traded some with the Indians. In A Micmac Indian Replies to the French, the French called the Native Americans’ home a â€Å"little hell†, a statement that the Micmac Indians didn’t find too tasteful—the Micmac Indian leader then asked why the French would leave their paradise, and risk their lives to reach a â€Å"little hell† . This reply from the Indian leader shows a few things—first, the Indians weren’t too impressed with the customs of the French, second—the Indians were knowledgeable of how important, as well as costly, their homeland was to the Europeans—and what goods it contained. Lucky for the settlers, one of their other interests was in the new world in plenty—land. One of the reasons the Europeans needed land so badly was thatShow MoreRelatedThe Long Road Of Revolution During Colonial America1368 Words   |  6 Pagesprecipitating a major conflict between Britain and the colonies over Parliament’s right to tax. The Stamp Act imposed a tax on all paper used for official documents —newspapers, pamphlets, court documents, licenses, wills, ships’ cargo lists — and required an af fixed stamp as proof that the tax had been paid. The Act intensified the conflict between the colonial and Parliament Colonists’ believed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies. Sons of Liberty stopped stamped papers from being unloadedRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The American Revolution981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolutionary War in 1755 spouted from a conflict between the British government and British people living in the then 13 American colonies. The crown and his legislature passed tax measures, which the people of the thirteen American colonies fiercely opposed. American leaders took action against taxes because the government that created the laws offered no representation for those being taxed which is where taxation without any representation stems from. The crown only allowed upper-classRead MoreThe American Of The United States Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American colonies declared themselves independent from on their mother c ountry, Britain, on July 4, 1776, they sought to devise a plan to govern themselves without the constraints that had been imposed on them leading to their detachment. Prominent leaders in the thirteen colonies worked together to strike the perfect balance between the rights of the federal government and the rights of the states. On June 12, 1776, a committee was formed to put together a document that would bring togetherRead MoreAmerican Flag Speech Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesFor more than 11 score years it has been the banner of hope and freedom for generation after generation of Americans. Born amid the first flames of America s fight for freedom, it is the symbol of a country that has grown from a little group of 13 colonies to a united nation of 50 sovereign states. Gideon: Planted firmly on the high pinnacle of American Faith, its gently fluttering folds have proved an inspiration to untold millions. Men have followed it into battle with unwavering courage. They haveRead MoreCatholic Clerical : Spiritual Bullying1945 Words   |  8 PagesEurope to the British North American colonies, where they would be knowing as the Puritans. But little did they know in America, not only would they achieve the religious freedom for themselves: in time, the idea of religious freedom for all would be a cornerstone of American democracy and part of the America Constitution, through the First Amendment. â€Å"The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion,Read More Separation Of Church And State Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesslightest breach.† (Barton, Original†¦ p.13) This exact case began the reversal of Supreme Court trends and opinions that had lasted for one hundred and fifty years. Now, for almost fifty years, the Supreme Court , and the United States population in general, has used the phrase â€Å"separation of church and state† when referring to the religion clause of the 1st Amendment. The 1st amendments actual wording is â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting theRead MoreApush Timeline 1607-17754368 Words   |  18 Pages1. (1607) Jamestown was formed: This event was significant because it was the beginning of the English colonies in the New World. Jamestown the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. The colonization was funded the by Virginia Company. After this colony was formed, more people started to come over from England. Without these colonists the Virginia colony would be much different. It also helped them learn about what kind of people they needed to send over. At first they sent over gentlemenRead MoreWhat Accounts For The Dramatic Increase During Population During The Colonies Before 1750?2072 Words   |  9 PagesSeptember 2104 1. What accounts for the dramatic increase in population in the colonies before 1750? The population rose because of the large amount of slaves and indentured servants. In the southern colonies, slaves accounted for about 40% or more of the population. Immigrants from Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and Germany also added to the population, along with indentured servants from England serving their time in the colonies. In addition to the influx of foreigners, less children and infants wereRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War And The Declaration Of The United States2177 Words   |  9 Pagesindependence from Great Britain on July 4th, 1776, the newly liberated colonists sought to expand their land. The thirteen original British colonies were rooted in the eastern region of the territory, in relatively close proximity. While the former British citizens were excited to begin their new lives, overcrowding in the new states was a problem that required an immediate solution. Each colony was originally created with enough space to house its initial settlers according to its charter; however, birthsRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages the British and the Confederate South, thought what they were doing was just due to tradition and already accommodated power, however strong driving forces rightfully fought against the British invasion and fought to end slavery in the South. Ultimately the efforts proved worthwhile. The cataclysm that was The American Revolution can simply be described as a revolt against the British government assumed rule over the United States. It was not just a feud over the demands the British, controlled

Global Criminology and Human Right †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Global Criminology and Human Right. Answer: Introduction Human rights are something which has been gaining a lot of interest in the past decade. This is not only because of globalisation, but also due to increased disregard of human life. When one has to cite the leading catastrophes of earth, some leading names which crop up are the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear blast, the two world wars and Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Through this research, an attempt has been made to explore the different aspects of what went down in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, which led to such a big disaster. Identifying the reasons which led to this mayhem. Identifying the people responsible for this mayhem and what happened to them The actions which could have been taken in order to safeguard this incident from occurring, at different instances. The cost of this tragedy, in terms of victims, and the other costs including that of rehabilitation, recovery and reestablishment. To identify if there is a possibility of reoccurrence of such incident. What actually happened? Could the tragedy been avoided by timely action of the company and that of government? Are the present laws enough to stop a repeat of such incident? Literature review Tulchinsky and Varavikova (2014) summed up the statistics of this tragedy, which stuck on December 03rd, 1984. They stated that around 3,800 died within minutes of this incident and a number of others had to face lifelong illnesses. Varuggheese (2013) noticed that even though twenty six years had passed since the worst industrial catastrophe of the world, the repercussions of this incident continue to haunt the members of the nation, particularly of the city of Bhopal. Blanpain, Bromwich and Rymkevich (2011) chalked out the entire incident in his book and highlighted at different instances, the failure of the Union Carbide in taking the requisite steps to avoid the incidence of this magnitude, where a smaller incident had occurred just a few days before the real catastrophe struck, with a particular reference to CSR. Fortun (2009) reported the conviction of the seven former executives of the company for causing death due to negligence, which came in 2010. Saraf and Karanjikar (2005) noted this tragedy as a watershed event with regards to the process safety, which has led to paradigm shift in the outlook of the public and the industry towards the risk management, particularly in the matter of processing industries. Palazzi, Curr and Fabiano (2015) also analysed this incident in the backdrop of an approach towards the safety equipment and the emergency time evaluation based on the actual information of this tragedy. Baofu (2011) noted that this incident not only had short term impact, but had a long term impact as well, due to the nature of the gas leak. He further noticed that even though a Relief and Rehabilitation Department had been formed by October 200, where 554,895 victims were awarded compensation for their loss, the after effects of this incident, still continues to char the people of that city. In this regard, he highlighted the loss of life, livestock, nature and the scarcity of pure water and safe food. While analysing the relationship of business with the human rights, Baumann-Pauly and Nolan (2016) highlighted that with the rise of power with the civil society, in the previous two decades has made a huge difference to cases like these. They stated that in case this tragedy occurred now, the victims would not have to negotiate upon the compensation and instead would get direct corporate settlements. Broughton (2005) also reviewed upon this disaster and examined the health effects which were caused due to this disaster, along with the legal response. He also analysed on practices which have been adopted in India since the incident, to avoid the repetition of such catastrophe. Mukherjee (2016) emphasized upon the severe disabilities which took the ability of people to even earn for themselves. Their right of having a good life, right to information, right to clean toxic free environment management and the right to life of dignity was severely discarded in this incident. Walters (2009) also covered the impact of this tragedy, with a particular reference to corporate crime and the harms of the powerful. This incident was a painful reminder to the unregulated corporate deviance and power which produced devastating impact over the environment, animals and humans. This was not an accident or a regrettable tragedy, but a corporate crime, and that too, a powerful one. The death of people and animals, along with the destruction of the local eco-systems took place as Union Carbide discarded and contravened the law, compromised on the health and safety regulations and also placed the workers and the local people deliberately in danger, all just to earn profits. Research Methodology In any research, one of the key questions is the choice of the method of research. For the purpose of this research, both primary and secondary methods have been used. With regards the primary method, a questionnaire method would be adopted, which would have around 100 participants. This questionnaire would be focused on the future of such incidents and would pose questions like whether the present day laws are enough to safeguard another incident from taking place? By adopting a quantitative data analysis method, the raw numbers would be turned into a meaningful data by applying critical and rational thinking. The research would also adopt a secondary method approach, where an extensive literature review would be conducted, majorly focusing on the books published in this regard since the incident took place. The literature has already shed light on the different consequences of this tragedy. This incident did not only cause a loss of life, but also of livelihood, economy, and health. High costs had to be incurred for compensating, rehabilitating, and re-establishing the people and their livelihoods. The health aspects can still be seen in form of deformities which the infants born in Bhopal still have to face (Eckerman, 2005). The consequence of it was long term health consequences as a result of a high number of people being exposed to poisonous gas. This disaster indicated that there was a need for enforcing international standards for the preventive strategies for avoiding similar accidents, environmental safety and the industrial disaster preparedness. The national governments, along with the international agencies focus upon the techniques for the corporate responsibility and also for accident prevention, particularly in context of the advanced industrial nations (Broughton, 2009). When the additional compensation was announced by the Indian Government, the United Nations Special Rapporteur welcomed it, particularly because of the violation of human rights and the toxic waste. Though, the human rights expert stressed upon the fact that financial compensation was not enough for stopping the present human rights violations of the toxic legacy of Bhopal. This is particularly because each day new victims of this tragedy are born and they continue to suffer lifelong adverse impact on their health. Without cleaning the contamination, the toxic legacy left by the company, particularly with regards to the number of victims, continues to grow, which is a financial liability for India, as a result of the rising number of victims. And so, the Special Rapporteur, i.e., Baskut Tuncak of Turkey, stated that in order to prevent harm, there was a need for environmental remediation (OHCHR, 2014). One also cannot deny that the international pharmaceutical companies got the guinea pigs for experimentation, as they conducted clinical trials on the new drugs on the survivors of this tragedy. Quintiles and Sanofi were two pharmaceutical majors who were alleged to have flouted the different norms created by the pharmaceutical majors while conducting the clinical trials on humans. And this is the reason why the Supreme Court of India ordered the Health Ministry of the nation to stop the clinical trials of 157 new formulations/ drugs till the time a stringent regime was formed and adopted. Apart from this, there also has been a pending petition y two of the Bhopal based NGOs regarding the people being treated as guinea pigs at Bhopal Memorial Hospital and Research Centre with regards to the clinical trial of the new drugs. Also, three specific incidents were raised where the pharmaceutical companies were not paying the requisite obligatory compensation to the survivors of this incide nt, who had volunteered to the clinical trials of these new drugs and formulations (Times of India, 2013). Relation to the national and international context With regards to the national context, this tragedy led to the laws of India but put in question, due to the failure of the different governing and regulatory bodies in taking any action against Union Carbide, which could have avoided such an incident from occurring. In the international context, US had to face a bit of heat due to the company having its headquarters Houston, Texas. A number of questions were also raised with regards to the violations of human rights and the blatant denial of responsibility and respect towards the human life. This is with a particular reference to the concept of International Labour Organization Conventions, Corporate Social Responsibility, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Management, and the different standards set by United Nations (Pandey, 2011). References Baofu, P. (2011). The Future of Post-Human Chemistry: A Preface to a New Theory of Substances and their Changes. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Baumann-Pauly, D., Nolan, J. (2016). Business and Human Rights: From Principles to Practice. Oxon: Routlegde. Blanpain, R., Bromwich, W., Rymkevich, O. (2011). Rethinking Corporate Governance: From Shareholder Value to Stakeholder Value. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Broughton, E. (2005). The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review. Environmental Health, 4(6). Broughton, E. (2005). The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review. Environ Health, 4(6). Eckerman, I. (2005). The Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the World's Largest Industrial Disaster. Hyderabad: Universities Press. Fortun, K. (2009). Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders. London: The University of Chicago Press. Mukherjee, S. (2016). Surviving Bhopal: Dancing Bodies, Written Texts, and Oral Testimonials of Women in the Wake of an Industrial Disaster. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. OHCHR. (2014). Bhopal gas tragedy: Financial compensation will never be sufficient without clean-up UN rights expert. Retrieved from: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15335LangID=E Palazzi, E., Curr, F., and Fabiano, B. (2015). A critical approach to safety equipment and emergency time evaluation based on actual information from the Bhopal gas tragedy. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 97, 37-48. Pandey, A. (2011). The Bhopal Gas Tragedy: On Whether and How the Indian Companies Act, 1956 can be used to make a case for imposing social responsibility on corporations?. Retrieved from: https://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/article/the-bhopal-gas-tragedy-on-whether-and-how-the-indian-companies-act-1956-can-be-used-to-make-a-case-for-imposing-social-responsibility-on-corporations-769-1.html Saraf, S., Karanjikar, M. (2005). Literary and economic impact of the Bhopal gas tragedy. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 18(4-6), 274-282. Times of India. (2013). 'Bhopal gas victims used as guinea pigs for drug trials'. Retrieved from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bhopal-gas-victims-used-as-guinea-pigs-for-drug-trials/articleshow/27495772.cms Tulchinsky, T.H., Varavikova, E.A. (2014). The New Public Health (3rd ed.). London: Academic Press. Varuggheese, G. (2013). The Idea of Being Indians and the Making of India: According to the Mission Statements of the Republic of India, as enlisted in the Preamble to the Constitution of India. New Delhi: Partridge Publishing. Walters, R. (2009). Bhopal, Corporate Crime and Harms of the Powerful. Global Social Policy, 9(3).